No food in the trash! All, most, some and none (of) for general and specific

Q: What's the difference between most and most of?

Most + noun talks about things in general : Most people waste some food. Most of talks about a specific group and needs the , my , this or a pronoun after it: Most of the scraps on Graham's farm come from homes. Most of them. All , some and none work the same way. The B1 lesson No food in the trash! on edio.ai teaches all four with Vermont's food scrap law.

Q: Is none of singular or plural?

It depends on the noun after of . With an uncountable noun, none of takes a singular verb : None of the food goes to the landfill. With a plural noun, English uses both: None of my friends has chickens and None of my friends have chickens are both correct. A tip in the scheme of No food in the trash! on edio.ai says so.

Q: Is it "most people" or "most of people"?

It's most people , with no of , when you mean people in general: Most people waste some food. Add of only with the , my or a pronoun: most of the people in the poll , most of us . Leave out the too: the most people is a superlative ( the city with the most people ), not a way to say more than half. In the same way, it's all residents , not all of residents .

Q: What's the difference between no and none?

No comes right before a noun : No food goes in the trash. None of comes before the , my or a pronoun: None of the food goes in the trash. As a short answer, say None of it. The usual slips are no of the food , none of food and none food , and the chat in No food in the trash! on edio.ai puts them next to the right replies.

Q: What is Vermont's food scrap law?

Vermont's Universal Recycling Law, or Act 148, was passed unanimously by the Legislature in 2012 . The biggest food producers had to start in 2014, and since July 1, 2020, the law has required everyone in Vermont to keep food scraps out of the trash. People can compost at home, take scraps to a drop-off or pay a hauler. The state focuses on education and doesn't sort through household trash bags.

Q: What recycling vocabulary should B1 students know?

Start with where trash and food scraps go : a landfill is a huge place where trash is buried, a drop-off is a site where people leave their scraps, and a hauler is a company that picks them up. Add the verbs sort , rot and waste , and kitchen words such as eggshell and coffee grounds . No food in the trash! on edio.ai teaches twelve such words with pictures and audio.

Q: How do I teach all, most, some and none to B1 students?

Tie each word to a number first : 10 of 10 is all , 8 of 10 most , 3 of 10 some and 0 none . Then show the line between general sentences ( Most people… ) and specific ones ( Most of the people in my class… ). No food in the trash! on edio.ai does this with Jade's survey of her study group, after a farm visit full of most of and none of .

Q: What's a good game for practicing all, most, some and none?

A class survey with open boxes works well: one box asks students to poll three classmates and report All of them… , Some of them… or None of them… , and another asks for four true sentences about their family, from All of us… to None of us… The edio.ai lesson No food in the trash! ends its speaking chapter with these boxes.

Q: What's good homework for all, most, some and none?

Good homework links each word to a real amount : a quiz such as Regina has 10 houseplants, and 9 of them are green and healthy , gaps where students decide whether of is needed, and a notice to complete. In No food in the trash! on edio.ai, all ten homework tasks check themselves, among them a town notice about food scraps signed by Howard.

This B1 ESL lesson plan teaches all, most, some and none (of), with the verb after none of, through Vermont's law requiring everyone to keep food scraps out of the trash.

Grammar: All, most, some and no + noun for things in general (Most people waste some food.), and of + the, my or a pronoun for specific groups (most of the scraps).
Topic: Vermont's Universal Recycling Law and a compost farm, with words such as landfill, hauler, drop-off and coffee grounds.
Activities: Riley's episode notes to read, a compost farm visit and a student's message to hear, self-checking drills, a neighbor's chat and open-box questions.

What's inside

Chapter 1Warm-up: what's in your trash?
- PictureUnlock
- Spin the wheel and answerSpin the wheelUnlock
- Study the words: food scraps and compostVocabularyTry it
- Look at the pictures and choose the wordChoose by pictureUnlock
Chapter 2Let's read: Vermont's food scrap rule
- Look at the photo: dinner is overPictureUnlock
- Read the episode notes: no food in the trashArticleUnlock
- Read and mark true or falseTrue or falseUnlock
- Read again and choose the correct answerQuizUnlock
Chapter 3Field trip: the warmest pile in Vermont
- Listen to Jade and GrahamListeningTry it
- Transcript, for the teacherUnlock
- Listen and choose the correct answerQuizUnlock
- Listen to the Listener's Take: Warren's messageListeningUnlock
- Transcript, for the teacherUnlock
- Listen and mark true or falseTrue or falseUnlock
Chapter 4Grammar: most of the scraps, none of the food
- Study the scheme: all, most, some, none (of)Grammar schemeTry it
- Choose the correct optionChoose the optionUnlock
- Fill in the gaps: add of where you need itFill in the gapsUnlock
- Fill in the table: is or are, go or goes?Fill in the tableTry it
- Drag the words into the gaps: Jade's surveyDrag and dropUnlock
- Choose the correct sentenceQuizUnlock
Chapter 5Let's talk: a new compost bin
- Choose the right replies: a compost bin for the buildingChatTry it
- Open a box and answer: green habitsOpen the boxUnlock
Chapter 6Homework
- Match the words and the meaningsMatchUnlock
- Unscramble the wordsAnagramUnlock
- Fill in the gaps with the lesson's wordsFill in the gapsUnlock
- Sort the words into the correct columnsSort into columnsUnlock
- Choose the correct option: new sentencesChoose the optionUnlock
- Fill in the gaps: add of where you need itFill in the gapsUnlock
- Put the words in the correct orderUnjumbleUnlock
- Choose the correct answer: what does it mean?QuizUnlock
- Choose the correct option: a town noticeChoose the optionUnlock
- Drag the words into the gaps: Jade answers WarrenDrag and dropUnlock

Recycling vocabulary

12 words and phrases from the lesson, each with a picture and audio in edio.

+9 more with pictures and audio in the lessonMore words

food scraps
landfill
hauler
drop-off
eggshell
coffee grounds
pile
livestock
resident

Grammar: all, most, some and none (of)

Most people and most of the scraps look alike, but one is about people in general and the other about a specific group. With Vermont's food scrap law and a compost farm, learners add of only before the, my or a pronoun, choose between no and none, and match the verb to the noun after of.

Most people… Most of the scraps…

all / most / some / no + noun: things in general. all of / most of / some of / none of + the, my, this or a pronoun: specific things.

In general: all, most, some, no + noun

For things in general, the word goes straight before a plural or uncountable noun: All residents have to sort their trash. Some families compost at home. No food goes to the landfill. There's no of and no the here: most people, not most of people.

In general: word + noun

Word	+ plural noun	+ uncountable noun
all (100%)	All residents have to sort their trash.	All fruit goes bad in the end.
most (more than half)	Most people waste some food.	Most food tastes better fresh.
some (a part)	Some families compost at home.	Some bread is too old to eat.
no (0%)	No scraps go in the trash here.	No food goes to the landfill.

In general or specific?

In general: no of

Most people waste some food.
All residents have to keep scraps out of the trash.
Some families have chickens.

Specific: of + the / my / them

Most of the people in the poll composted.
All of my roommates sort their trash.
Some of them have chickens.

Specific: of + the, my, this or a pronoun

For a specific group, add of and then the, my, this or our + noun: Most of the scraps on Graham's farm come from homes. A pronoun always needs of: all of us, some of it, none of them.

Specific: word + of + the / my / this + noun, or + pronoun

Word	+ of + the / my / this + noun	+ of + pronoun
all of	all of the scraps, all of my friends	all of them, all of it, all of us
most of	most of the scraps, most of our compost	most of them, most of it
some of	some of my roommates, some of this soup	some of them, some of it
none of	none of the food, none of my friends	none of them, none of it

On Graham's farm and in Vermont

All residents of Vermont have to keep food scraps out of the trash.
Most of the scraps on Graham's farm come from homes.
Some of them come from schools and restaurants.
None of the food goes to the landfill.
The chickens get some of the scraps first.
Most of our compost goes to farms and gardens nearby.

All the or all of the

Only all can drop of before the or my: all the scraps means all of the scraps. Most, some and none keep their of, so most the scraps and some my friends are wrong. Before a pronoun, even all needs it: all of them, not all them.

all the = all of the; of before a pronoun

Only all can drop of before the / my / this: all the scraps = all of the scraps. Not with most, some or none (Not: most the scraps, some my friends). Before a pronoun, always use of: all of them, most of us, none of it. Not: all them.

No or none?

No goes straight before a noun: No food goes in the trash. None of comes before the, my or a pronoun: None of the food goes in the trash. None of it! Avoid no of the food, none of food and none food.

no or none?

no + noun: No food goes in the trash. none of + the / my + noun, or + a pronoun: None of the food goes in the trash. None of it! Not: no of the food, none of food, none food.

The verb after of

The noun after of chooses the verb. An uncountable noun takes a singular verb (Most of the food goes to farms.), a plural noun a plural verb (Most of the scraps come from homes.). After none of + plural nouns, both work: None of my friends has or have chickens.

The verb: look at the noun after of

Uncountable noun (food, trash, compost): singular verb. Most of the food goes to farms. None of the food goes in the trash. Plural noun (scraps, people): plural verb. Most of the scraps come from homes. Not: Most of the food are… (After none of + a plural noun, both are OK: None of my friends has / have chickens.)

Common mistakes

Most of people compost.
Most people compost.
people in general: no of
All of residents have to sort their trash.
All residents have to sort their trash.
in general: no of (or: all of the residents)
The most people waste some food.
Most people waste some food.
most = more than half: no the
Most of the food are fresh.
Most of the food is fresh.
food is uncountable: is

More lessons on this grammar: Quantifiers lessons and exercises

Try the all, most, some, none exercises

Try them yourself: these are the same exercises your students do in edio.

What's in the lesson

19 auto-checked exercises
4 games
1 article
1 grammar scheme
1 set of word cards
2 audio clips
2 pictures
2 transcripts

The main objectives of this lesson are to:

talk about things in general with all, most, some and no + noun: Most people waste some food. Some families compost at home.
talk about a specific group with of: Most of the scraps come from homes. All of my roommates sort their trash.
use of before a pronoun: all of them, most of it, none of them, not all them
match the verb to the noun after of: None of the food goes to the landfill. Most of the scraps are peels.
avoid the usual slips: most people, not most of people or the most people; none of the food, not no of the food

Lesson 22 is the second lesson of Green living, unit 6 of English B1.1 · Stories That Travel, a course about a Kansas City podcast. After lesson 21's few and a few, it brings back lesson 20's line between things in general and specific things: most people, but most of the people in the poll. Lesson 23 narrows the focus to each and every. A law for all residents and a poll where most already composted or fed scraps to animals put numbers behind the words.

Students spin a wheel of questions about food waste and green habits, then learn twelve words, from sort and rot to hauler and livestock. They read Riley's episode notes on Vermont's food scrap law, then hear Jade warm her hands at a steaming pile on Graham's compost farm and Warren, a Vermont student, describe his roommates' yogurt tubs, both AI-voiced. The grammar chapter pairs the scheme with five self-checking drills, among them a table of is or are, go or goes. In the speaking chapter, students answer Regina, a neighbor with a new compost bin, in a chat, then open boxes about green habits.

Every homework task checks itself, ten in all: a word match, an anagram, a gap-fill and a column sort for the words, quantifiers in new sentences, gaps that need of or don't, word order, a quiz that turns numbers into all, most, some or none, a town notice with choices and Jade's reply to Warren with words to drag in.

Grammar:: all / most / some / no + noun · all of / most of / some of / none of · none of the food goes
Topic:: food scraps · compost · green habits · Vermont · Act 148 · the Universal Recycling Law · Stories That Travel

Teaching tips

Poll the class first: ask who sorts their trash, who has a pet and who cooks at home, then turn the numbers into words: Eight of us cook. That's most of us.
Before the episode notes, ask what counts as food scraps: peels, bones, coffee grounds? Students list ideas, then read to check the list and the three choices Vermonters have.
Play the farm visit twice: first for where the scraps come from and where the compost goes, then for each all of, most of, some of and none of. Students note the word after of.
Drill the verb with a quick switch: start Most of the food… and students finish with is or goes; start Most of the scraps… and they switch to are or go.

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The whole course: English B1.1 · Stories That Travel

32 lessons for adults at B1 in American English, each built around a true story. Riley, Jade and Darius make a podcast in Kansas City about true American stories, and each lesson tells one, from a seaplane airport in Alaska to the Marfa Lights of West Texas. Learners compare the present perfect with the past simple, use future forms, modals and quantifiers, and give their own opinions. The practice exercises check themselves.See the course

Unit 1 Travel smart
the present perfect vs the past simple, for and since, indirect questions, be used to and get used to
Unit 2 Dream jobs, new jobs
will have to and won't be allowed to, the present perfect continuous, simple vs continuous, would vs used to
Unit 3 Space and discovery
it's + adjective + to, What's it like to…?, future forms compared, future time clauses, too and enough + to
Unit 4 Life online
the more…, the more…, be supposed to, ought to and had better, let, make and allow
Unit 5 Screen and page
-ed and -ing adjectives, gradable and extreme adjectives, present tenses for a plot, articles for things in general
Unit 6 Green living
few and a few, little and a little, all, most, some and none, each and every, fewer and less
1. Lesson 21A year's trash in one jar?Few, a few, little and a little
2. Lesson 22 · you're hereNo food in the trash!All, most, some and none (of)
3. Lesson 23A farm in the middle of DetroitEach and every
4. Lesson 24A trash collector with googly eyesFewer and less
Unit 7 Sporting moments
could, was able to and managed to, for, during and while, present tenses for live commentary, question tags
Unit 8 Mysteries and lost worlds
both… and, either… or and neither… nor, uncountable nouns, how sure we are about the future, unless, as long as and in case

Questions about this lesson

What's the difference between most and most of?

Most + noun talks about things in general: Most people waste some food. Most of talks about a specific group and needs the, my, this or a pronoun after it: Most of the scraps on Graham's farm come from homes. Most of them. All, some and none work the same way. The B1 lesson No food in the trash! on edio.ai teaches all four with Vermont's food scrap law.

Is none of singular or plural?

It depends on the noun after of. With an uncountable noun, none of takes a singular verb: None of the food goes to the landfill. With a plural noun, English uses both: None of my friends has chickens and None of my friends have chickens are both correct. A tip in the scheme of No food in the trash! on edio.ai says so.

Is it "most people" or "most of people"?

It's most people, with no of, when you mean people in general: Most people waste some food. Add of only with the, my or a pronoun: most of the people in the poll, most of us. Leave out the too: the most people is a superlative (the city with the most people), not a way to say more than half. In the same way, it's all residents, not all of residents.

What's the difference between no and none?

No comes right before a noun: No food goes in the trash. None of comes before the, my or a pronoun: None of the food goes in the trash. As a short answer, say None of it. The usual slips are no of the food, none of food and none food, and the chat in No food in the trash! on edio.ai puts them next to the right replies.

What is Vermont's food scrap law?

Vermont's Universal Recycling Law, or Act 148, was passed unanimously by the Legislature in 2012. The biggest food producers had to start in 2014, and since July 1, 2020, the law has required everyone in Vermont to keep food scraps out of the trash. People can compost at home, take scraps to a drop-off or pay a hauler. The state focuses on education and doesn't sort through household trash bags.

What food scraps can you compost?

Food scraps are the parts of food people usually throw away: peels, cores, eggshells, bones, coffee grounds and food nobody finished. In Vermont, people with a backyard bin may put meat and bones in the trash instead, so animals don't come to the bin, while a drop-off or a hauler takes all scraps, even meat and bones. The episode notes in No food in the trash! on edio.ai explain these choices.

What recycling vocabulary should B1 students know?

Start with where trash and food scraps go: a landfill is a huge place where trash is buried, a drop-off is a site where people leave their scraps, and a hauler is a company that picks them up. Add the verbs sort, rot and waste, and kitchen words such as eggshell and coffee grounds. No food in the trash! on edio.ai teaches twelve such words with pictures and audio.

How do I teach all, most, some and none to B1 students?

Tie each word to a number first: 10 of 10 is all, 8 of 10 most, 3 of 10 some and 0 none. Then show the line between general sentences (Most people…) and specific ones (Most of the people in my class…). No food in the trash! on edio.ai does this with Jade's survey of her study group, after a farm visit full of most of and none of.

What's a good game for practicing all, most, some and none?

A class survey with open boxes works well: one box asks students to poll three classmates and report All of them…, Some of them… or None of them…, and another asks for four true sentences about their family, from All of us… to None of us… The edio.ai lesson No food in the trash! ends its speaking chapter with these boxes.

What's good homework for all, most, some and none?

Good homework links each word to a real amount: a quiz such as Regina has 10 houseplants, and 9 of them are green and healthy, gaps where students decide whether of is needed, and a notice to complete. In No food in the trash! on edio.ai, all ten homework tasks check themselves, among them a town notice about food scraps signed by Howard.

How do you practice all, most, some and none one-to-one?

Describe one group of people you both know, such as a family or a team: Most of my cousins live in the city. None of them has a dog. Then switch to people in general. The chat in No food in the trash! on edio.ai is done alone: Regina tells the student about a new compost bin, and the student picks replies such as Most of my scraps are banana peels and coffee grounds.

Are there interactive exercises for all, most, some and none?

Yes: a table and a chat that mark each answer. This page plays three parts of the B1 lesson No food in the trash! on edio.ai without an account: Jade's visit to Graham's compost farm, a table where students choose is or are and go or goes, and Regina's chat about a compost bin for the building. The rest of the lesson is locked.

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About this lesson

What's inside

Recycling vocabulary

Grammar: all, most, some and none (of)

In general: all, most, some, no + noun

In general: word + noun

In general or specific?

Specific: of + the, my, this or a pronoun

Specific: word + of + the / my / this + noun, or + pronoun

On Graham's farm and in Vermont

All the or all of the

No or none?

The verb after of

Common mistakes

Try the all, most, some, none exercises

What's in the lesson

The main objectives of this lesson are to:

Teaching tips

Teach the whole lesson in edio

Start a free trial

Open the lesson

Teach it live or as homework

The whole course: English B1.1 · Stories That Travel

Unit 1 Travel smart

Unit 2 Dream jobs, new jobs

Unit 3 Space and discovery

Unit 4 Life online

Unit 5 Screen and page

Unit 6 Green living

Unit 7 Sporting moments

Unit 8 Mysteries and lost worlds

Questions about this lesson

Teach this lesson with your students